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Carson
Carson

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Jun 1, 2021

TCP Send Window, Receive Window, and How it Works

TCP sliding window includes the send window and the receive window. Let’s start with the relatively complex one — the send window. Send Window The diagram above is a snapshot from the sender’s point of view. We can categorize the data into 4 groups: Bytes that sent and acknowledged (blue) Bytes that…

Tcp

8 min read

TCP Send Window, Receive Window, and How it Works
TCP Send Window, Receive Window, and How it Works
Tcp

8 min read


May 25, 2021

TCP Transmission, Retransmission, and How it Works

IP and MAC layers have restricted memories to send packets. Consequently, both will limit the length of messages. This restriction requires TCP to package variable-length bytes into several segments before serving them to the IP layer. Each segment should be in an appropriate length. Here is a simple diagram showing…

Tcp

6 min read

TCP Transmission, Retransmission, and How it Works
TCP Transmission, Retransmission, and How it Works
Tcp

6 min read


May 18, 2021

TCP 3-Way Handshake and How it Works

Handshake has a purpose — exchanging information to establish a connection. Why we need a connection? The answer relates to the role TCP plays. It is easier to understand it by looking at our day-to-day activity — visiting a web page. Browser initializes a GET HTTP request. With the help…

Tcp

6 min read

TCP 3-Way Handshake and How it Works
TCP 3-Way Handshake and How it Works
Tcp

6 min read


May 4, 2021

DNS Message — How to Read Query and Response Message

DNS message is relatively simple: the browser queries a domain name and gets an IP address. If a DNS server doesn’t recognize the domain name, it will pass the query along to the following DNS server. Later, when receiving a response, it carries the response to the browser. Interesting in…

DNS

5 min read

DNS Message — How to Read Query and Response Message
DNS Message — How to Read Query and Response Message
DNS

5 min read


Mar 30, 2021

HTTP/3, QUIC, and How it Works

Though HTTP/3 is still in draft today, teams such as Shopify and Medium have implemented it in production. Here is a screenshot of Medium homepage requests. Most of them are through the HTTP/3 protocol noting as h3-29. The h3 stands for HTTP/3, and the 29 is the implemented draft's version. …

Http3

6 min read

HTTP/3, QUIC, and How it Works
HTTP/3, QUIC, and How it Works
Http3

6 min read


Mar 23, 2021

HTTP/2 and How it Works

TLS helps improve security. Now it is time for performance enhancement, the focus of HTTP/2 design. The first challenge is making it compatible with HTTP/1.x. To achieve it, HTTP/2 inherits semantics from HTTP/1.x, including request methods, status codes, headers, etc. Most importantly, it inherits the scheme design. There is no…

Http2

8 min read

HTTP/2 and How it Works
HTTP/2 and How it Works
Http2

8 min read


Mar 18, 2021

TLS 1.2 and TLS 1.3 Handshake Walkthrough

The ultimate goal of the TLS handshake is safely exchanging the master secret for future secure communication. TLS 1.2 Handshake It takes 4 steps to complete the handshake before sending the first encrypted request from a browser: Client Hello Server Hello Client key exchange and generate the master secret Finished Let’s take a…

Tls

7 min read

TLS 1.2 andTLS 1.3 Handshake Walkthrough
TLS 1.2 andTLS 1.3 Handshake Walkthrough
Tls

7 min read


Mar 11, 2021

What is HTTP and HTTPS?

HTTP is the abbreviation of Hypertext Transfer Protocol. Its name tells us a lot. Protocol

Https

11 min read

What is HTTP and HTTPS?
What is HTTP and HTTPS?
Https

11 min read


Mar 4, 2021

HTTP Caching — How does it work step by step?

An HTTP request is expensive. Whenever possible, we reach out to cache, which keeps (almost) the latest resource. Cache lives at every node of the network, including clients (in our context, browsers), proxy servers, and origin servers Two-players: browser and origin server Cache-Control from the server If you have saved an edit in a Medium post, you want other…

Https

8 min read

HTTP Cache — How does it work step by step?
HTTP Cache — How does it work step by step?
Https

8 min read


Feb 26, 2021

How does HTTP Deliver a Large File?

In the early era of the network, people send files in single-digit KB size. In 2021, we enjoy hi-res MB-size images and watch 4K (soon 8K) video in several GB. Even with a good internet connection, it still takes a while to download a 5GB file. …

Https

6 min read

How HTTP Delivers a Large File?
How HTTP Delivers a Large File?
Https

6 min read

Carson

Carson

261 Followers

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